Forensic Science is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer questions of interest to a legal system. Forensic science uses all the principles of various branches of science and applies them in experiments to draw an exact conclusion. In M Sc.Forensic Sciences, one needs to study the various principles and theories that are applicable in Forensic science. The duration of Master of Science in Forensic Sciences is two academic years. The syllabus for the course is divided into four semesters and it is career orienting in nature.

Programme Outcome/Programme Learning Goals/Programme Learning Outcome:

PO2: Implement advanced techniques for analysis and examination of crime.

PO3: Design and develop research-based solutions for forensic problems.

PO4: Understand the different crime scenario according to the prevailing legal provisions.

PO5: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics, responsibilities and norms of forensic practices.

The evaluation scheme for each course shall contain two parts; (a) internal evaluation and (b) external evaluation. 50% weightage shall be given to the internal evaluation and the remaining 50% to external evaluation and the ratio and weightage between internal and external is 1:1.  (a) Internal evaluation: The internal evaluation shall be based on a predetermined transparent system involving periodic written tests, assignments, seminars, and attendance in respect of theory courses and based on written tests, lab skill/records/viva, and attendance in respect of practical courses.

The objective of this course is to introduce the concept of forensic science, its development and progress over time. It will also familiarize students with the organizational setting and working set up of forensic laboratories. It aims to introduce different techniques used in forensic investigations with the principles involved. The course would apprise students with the basics of forensic photography techniques with management of crime scene in different situations.  

Introduction and history and development of forensic science, Laws and Basic principles of Forensic Science, Need Scope, Concepts and Significance of Forensic Science, Branches of forensic science, Forensic Labs in India; Organizational set-up of a Forensic Science Laboratory. The units in a forensic lab; Investigative strategies. Role and responsibilities of forensic expert at crime scene, Expert testimony and eye-witness report.

Introduction to tool marks, Toolmark evidence. Classification of toolmarks: compression marks, striated marks, repeated marks, combination of compression and striated marks. Class and individual characteristics of tool marks, Tracing and lifting of marks; Collection, preservation and matching of toolmarks; Photographic examination of tool marks; Forensic importance of toolmarks; Toolmark databases; Types of tool marks: cast, punch, engrave; Methods of 7 obliteration, Principle of Restoration; Method of restoration; Forensic gemmology; Introduction, Background, Identification.  

Basic principles of Photography, Techniques of black & white and color photography, cameras, lenses, shutters, depth of field, film; exposing, development and printing techniques; Different kinds of developers and fixers; UV, IR, fluorescence illumination guided photography; Modern development in photography- digital photography, working and basic principles of digital photography; Surveillance photography. Videography of Crime Scene, laboratory photography. 

Crime scene investigation, types of crime scene; Indoor, Outdoor, Mobile. protection and barricading of crime scene; Documentation, sketching, field notes and photography. Search of evidences; Different types of evidence; Physical vs. non-physical; Real vs. Demonstrative; Known vs. Unknown; Individual vs. Class, handling, collection, preservation and transportation of evidences. Duties of first responder at crime scene, Chain of custody, Reconstruction of scene of crime. Report writing. 

2. Sharma, B.R; Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation & Trials, Universal Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2003

3. James, S.H and Nordby, J.J; Forensic Science- An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques, CRC Press, USA, 2003.

4. Saferstein; Criminalistics- An Introduction of Forensic Science, Prentice Hall Inc, USA,2007. 

6. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015.

7. Houck M. Max & Siegel A. Jay, Fundamentals of Forensic Science (3rd edition), Academic Press, 2015.

8. Kumar K., Forensic Ballistics in Criminal Justice (1st edition), Eastern Book Company, 2015.

9. Ramachandran R., Scientific techniques in criminal investigation (2nd edition), Kamal Publishers, 2021.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to introduce the concept and scope of crime. It will familiarize students with types of crime and its effects as well its prevention. The course would highlight about criminal behavior and related theories. The course aims to discuss the concept of Juvenile delinquency and Victimology. It will disseminate information to students with specific criminal Law, Indian Penal Code: sections, Criminal Procedure Code and police Administration. 

Definition, concept and scope of crime. Concept of criminal, Types of crime. Factors in crime, crime trends among youth, genesis and topology of youth crime, terrorism, sexual offences, effects, control and prevention of crime. latest developments in prevention of crime. Recidivism, Banishment, Dark figures of Crime (Hidden crimes) and Victimization Survey, latest developments in prevention of crime.  

Aim and scope of criminology, Criminology as a science, Criminal behavior and theories of criminal behavior: classic, positivist, sociological, biological, physiological sociological. Organized crimes, white collar crime. crime against women, Juvenile delinquency. Role of correctional institutions. Criminal profiling and modus operandi, portrait parley, Victimology and Penology.  

Criminal Procedure Code, bailable/non-bailable offences, cognizable/ non-cognizable, summon case and warrant cases. Expert testimony. Indian Penal Code: sections-23, 24, 25,39,40, 44,52,76-79,84-86. 120, 357, 364,377, 391, 395, 399, 400, 402. Applicable sections-2, 6-8, 12, 21, 28, 33, 54, 71. 82, 88. 166, 180. 299, 300, 301, 302,303,304,306, 307,312,313, 314, 315, 316, 319, 320, 354 A, 354 D, 359, 363, 370, 375, 376, 377, Indian Evidence Act and sections- 3, 24-30, 44, 45, 46, 47, 135-138, 141. Information technology act, NDPS Act, Food and Adulteration Act, Drugs and Cosmetic Act, Arms and Explosives Act. 

History and development of police administration; Police duties, responsibilities and powers. Organization and structure of police; maintenance of crime records and accountability of police to law. People and society. Limitations on powers, Custodial crimes, Police and Human Rights. Dimensions of police accountability in India.Introduction to NIA, CBI, BPR&D and Interpol.  

2. Gross. H; Criminal Investigation- A Practical Textbook for Magistrates, Police Officers, and Lawyers; Universal Law Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2000.

3. Lyman, M.D; Criminal Investigation – The Art &the Science, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2002.

4. Jack Fitzgerald Statistics for Criminal Justice and Criminology in Practice and Research, CRC press, 2013.  

6. The Indian Evidence Act (1872), Amendment Act; Universal Law Publishing Co., 2003.

7. The Code of Criminal Procedure (1973) Amendment Act, (2001); Universal Law Publishing Co., 2002.

8. Rattan Lal & Dhiraj Lal; The Indian Penal Code, 28th Ed. Wadhwa& Co. Nagpur, 2002.

9. Walter S. De Keseredy, Contemporary Critical Criminology, Routledge publisher, 2021.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to introduce specialized techniques and their application in forensic science. The students will be able to understand the atomic & molecular spectroscopy, physical instrumentation techniques, radiochemical and nuclear techniques, biological and biochemical techniques with their general principles involved as well as their applied aspects.  

Light Microscopy: Basics (Simple and compound, Magnification, Resolution and parts of microscope), Lens and aberrations, Different light microscopy techniques: Bright Field, Dark Field, Phase Contrast, Polarized Light. Comparison, Stereo-Zoom and Fluorescence microscopy techniques. Electron Microscopy: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning-Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Applications in Forensics 

Basic Concept: Structure, composition and properties of Proteins and Nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), Restriction Endonucleases, Repeat Sequences (STR and VNTR). Gel Electrophoresis: Agarose, Capillary gel electrophoresis, PAGE and SDS-PAGE, 2D Gel Electrophoresis & Iso-Electric Focusing. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Hybridization (Northern and Southern), and DNA Fingerprinting (RFLP and AFLP) Antibodies: Structure, Types, Western Blot and ELISA, Flow Cytometry, Applications in Forensics

Conventional sources for UV, visible and infrared rays, sources for shorter wavelength radiations (X-ray tubes), radioactivity, Laser (He, Ne Argon, ion, dye lasers, semiconductor-lasers) a source of radiation, interaction of radiation with matter; reflection, absorption, transmission, fluorescence, phosphorescence Colorimetry and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectrometers/Fluorometers, Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman Spectroscopy, Chemiluminescence spectroscopy. Mass Spectrometry (Ionization Types-CI, FAB, EI, ESI and MALDI, Mass analyzers: Quadrupole, Triple quadrupole and TOF), Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer, Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray based technique (EDX, WDX and XRD), Applications in Forensics  

Chromatography Basics: Types of Chromatography techniques (Column, TLC and Paper; Solid-Liquid, Liquid-Liquid and Gas-Liquid)), Analytical-Semi Preparative and Preparative. Liquid Chromatography: Stationary phases (Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Size Exclusion, Affinity, RP/HIC, Mixed mode), Quality parameters (Resolution, Asymmetry Factor and HETP), Detectors (UV-Vis and Mass), HPLC and UPLC Gas Chromatography: Basics of Instrumentation, Column Properties, Stationary phases (Polar and Non-Polar), Detector (Flame Ionization Detector). Centrifugation: Basics (Principle, RPM & RCF), Types (Differential, Zone, Rate Zonal and Density gradient), Rotors, Scale (Laboratory and Preparative) Applications in Forensics  

2. Stuart H. Barbara, Forensic Analytical Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

3. Subrahmanyam, N. &Lal B; A text Book of Optics, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi, 2004.

4. Skoog A. Douglas, Holler James F. & Crouch R. Stanley, Principles of Instrumental Analysis (7th edition), Cengage, 2018

6. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015

7. David J. Thomas & Lewis M. James, Forensic Odontology Principles and Practice, Mica Haley, 2018. 

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to disseminate the knowledge about various types of forensic documents including genuine, forged and holographic documents. It also aims to discuss the principles of handwriting, its identification, tools needed for forensic document examination & their use in forensic science. The course wild explains the typewritten, printed documents and forgery detection techniques to students. 

Nature and problems of document examination, classification of questioned documents, Specimen/Admitted writings/type writings, handling, preservation of documents, importance of natural variation and causes of natural variation, Disguise writing, characteristics of disguise writing and its examination, various types of forensic documents- genuine and forged documents, holographic documents, tampered documents, principles of handwriting identification, basic tools needed for Forensic Document Examination & their use in analysis of paper and inks, TLC, LC, Video spectral comparator, ESDA.  

General characteristics of handwriting; class and individual characteristics, Various writing features and their estimation, ethnic and gender variability of handwriting, Forgery, various types of forgeries and their identical characteristics, identification of forger, examination of signatures – characteristics of genuine and forged signatures, identification of writer of anonymous letters, application of Forensic Stylistics/Linguistics in the identification of writer, examination of built-up documents and determination of sequence of strokes. 

Type writers and their individuality, Identification of typescripts-identification of typist, various types of printing processes, identification of printed matter including printing of security documents and currency notes, identification of electronic typewriters, dot matrix, inkjet and laser jet printers, examination of black and white and color photocopies, scanned copies, fax messages and carbon copies. Indian passport/visas, 

Determination of age of documents, paper, ink etc., Examination of alterations, erasures, over writings, additions and obliterations, document analysis for decipherment of obliterated and secret writings, charred documents and indentation marks, examination of seal, rubber and other mechanical impressions, examination of counterfeit currency notes, stamp papers, postal stamps, examination of fake credit cards, e-documents, digital signatures, preliminary examination of documents, various computerized approach in documents examination; Cedar, LDMS  

2. Sharma R. B., Firearms in Criminal investigation & Trial (5th edition), Universal Law Publishing, 2017.

3. Houck M. Max & Siegel A. Jay, Fundamentals of Forensic Science (3rd edition), Academic Press, 2015.

4. Lewis A. Jane, Forensic Document Examination: Fundamentals and current trends, Academic Press, 2014.  

6. Morris, R.N; Forensic Handwriting Identification, Academy Press, London, 2001.

7. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015

8. Lerinson, J; Questioned Documents, Academy Press, London, 2001.

9. Katherine, M. K; CDE-Forensic Document Examination-Humana Press, New Jersey, 2007. 

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

This coursewill help to understand the theoretical basis of conducting research and basic concepts, To design research problem, research process, Understanding the importance of research paper, dissertation and projects, To impart knowledge regarding the ethics in research.

Basic concepts of research -Meaning, Objectives, Motivation and Approaches. Types of Research (Descriptive/Analytical, Applied/ Fundamental, Quantitative/Qualitative, Conceptual/ Empirical); Research formulation -Observation and Facts, Prediction and explanation, Induction, Deduction; Defining and formulating the research problem, Selecting the problem and necessity of defining the problem; Literature review -Importance of literature reviewing in defining a problem, Critical literature review, Identifying gap areas from literature review; Hypothesis -Null and alternate hypothesis and testing of hypothesis -Theory, Principle.

Research Design -Basic principles, Meaning, Need and features of good design, Important concepts; Types of research designs; Development of a research plan -Exploration, Description, Diagnosis, Experimentation, determining experimental and sample designs, Research process, tools of Data collection; interview, schedule, survey, Questionnaire, Case-Control Studies, Cohort Studies. Scaling process; nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio, significance of scaling in research, Statistics; importance, significance. Measures of central tendency; mean, median, mode. Measures of dispersion; mean deviation, Variance standard deviation. Correlation and types of correlation; Karl Pearson, rank correlation,  

2.       Dawson, C. Practical research methods. UBS Publishers, New Delhi. 2002.

2.       Ruzin, S.E. Plant micro technique and microscopy. Oxford University Press, New York, U.S.A., 2009.

3.       Best, John, W.& Kahn, James. Research in Education, 5th ed., Prentice–Hall of India Pvt Ltd: New Delhi. 2006

This course will help toDeveloping an understanding and application of Crime Scene Investigation, Develop an understanding on processing of crime scene (searching, sketching and photography of Crime scene (Indoor and Outdoor), Brief description on procedure adopted for collection, preservation and packaging of Physical evidences, Develop an understanding on examination of various types of forensic documents, security documents, collection and preservation of various types of documents.

1. To carry out photography of indoor and outdoor crime scenes

2. Crime scene photographic processing and development in different light sources and using different filters.

3. To carry out digital photography of various forensic evidences.

4. Mock crime scene investigation and write a report on evaluation of crime scene.

5. Collection, handling and preservation of various pieces of evidence (Fingerprints, blood, saliva, fibers, hairs, etc.).

6. Various searching methods of evidence at indoor and outdoor crime scenes.

7. Interpretation of crime scene notes, photos, sketches and reconstruction of crime scene

8. Microscopy of various physical evidences recovered from crime scene

9. Expert testimony in a mock court case scenario.

10. Blood spatter analysis.  

1. Identification of Class and Individual Characteristics of Handwriting.

2. Study of natural variations and fundamental divergences in handwriting. 

3. Comparison of questioned and admitted handwriting’s samples.

4. Detection of Simulated forgery.

5. Detection of traced forgery.

6. Study of Disguise in handwriting documents.

7. Comparison of Typewritten scripts.

8. Security documents i.e. passport, driving license etc. And Currency note examination.

9. Care, handling, preservation, marking, packing and forwarding of documents

10. Examination of rubber stamp, seal and other mechanical impressions.  

2. Sharma, B.R; Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation & Trials, Universal Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2003

3. James, S.H and Nordby, J.J; Forensic Science- An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques, CRC Press, USA, 2003.

4. Saferstein; Criminalistics- An Introduction of Forensic Science, Prentice Hall Inc, USA,2007

6. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11^th edition), Pearson, 2015.

7. Houck M. Max & Siegel A. Jay, Fundamentals of Forensic Science (3^rd edition), Academic Press, 2015.

8. Kumar K., Forensic Ballistics in Criminal Justice (1^st edition), Eastern Book Company, 2015.

9. Ramachandran R., Scientific techniques in criminal investigation (2^nd edition), Kamal Publishers, 2021.

Performance: 40 marks

Mid Semester Examination: 40 marks

Record: 20 marks

End semester Examination – 100 marks

This course will help to developing an understanding and application of spectrophotometric and various microscopes, Develop an understanding on implementation of various chromatographic techniques, Brief description on procedure adopted for scanning and identification of drugs, Develop an understanding on examination of software-based method and various analytical instruments.

1. Spectrophotometric/Colorimetric estimation of protein by Lowry’s method

2. Light microscopy and measurement of Diatom specimen by micrometry method

3. Thin Layer Chromatography

4. Ink and Pigment separation

5. Study of Chromatogram (GC/LC) and identification of compounds based on standard match

6. Study and identification of scheduled drug by Mass Spectrometry based method

7. Spectral scanning and identification of a few scheduled drugs

8. Yeast mitochondria counting.

9. Enzyme kinetics of catalase enzyme. 

10. DOT ELISA

11. Primer Design for PCR, manual and software-based method

12. Demonstration of various analytical instruments: Gel Electrophoresis (DNA and Protein), Microscopy (Phase Contrast, Bright Field, Fluorescence), Chromatography (HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS), AAS and FTIR  

2. Stuart H. Barbara, Forensic Analytical Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

3. Subrahmanyam, N. &Lal B; A text Book of Optics, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi, 2004.

4. Skoog A. Douglas, Holler James F. & Crouch R. Stanley, Principles of Instrumental Analysis (7th edition), Cengage, 2018 

6. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015

7. David J. Thomas & Lewis M. James, Forensic Odontology Principles and Practice, Mica Haley, 2018.  

Performance: 40 marks

Mid Semester Examination: 40 marks

Record: 20 marks

End semester Examination – 100 marks

The objective of this course is to disseminate the knowledge about forensic examination of various types of biological evidences, morphology of human body. It also aims to discuss the Thanatology, various types of deaths, collection and preservation of viscera. The course will explain about various types of injuries their identification and role to establish the identity of an individual. 

Composition and functions of Blood, Identification of blood stains: Presumptive tests- Benzidine test, Phenolphthalein test, Leucomalachite test, Tetra-Methyl benzidine test and O-Tolidine, Luminol test. Confirmatory testsHaemochromogen test, Haematin test and Haemin test. Typing of blood antigens from dried stains. Latte’s test, Absorption Elution, Absorption Inhibition, Mixed agglutination. Composition and functions of Seminal stains, Identification of seminal stains; Presumptive Tests-Acid Phosphatase Test, Barberios Test and Florence Crystal Test. Confirmatory Test -Sperm Detection. Composition and functions of Saliva, Identification of saliva stains: Starch iodine test, Radial gel diffusion and examination of buccal epithelial cells. Identification of Urine stains: Physical examination, Odor Test, Urea nitrate crystal test and creatinine test. Identification of vomit stains: Detection of Mucus, Free HCL and Endothelial cells. Identification of faecal stains: microscopic detection of undigested food particles, vegetables material and muscle fibers, Urobilinogen Test. Diatoms and Pollen grains, Collection of insects, preservation and shipments of insects, identification and Forensic Significance. Microorganism in biological warfare. Wild Life Forensics, Morphology and biochemistry of Human and Animal Hair and its microscopic examination.

Definition of forensic medicine, cause, manner and characteristics of death. Thanatology- Stages of death. Suspended animation. Determination of time since death, Modes of death. Signs of death and changes following death. Estimation of PM Interval. Entomological evidence and their collection. Deaths due to Asphyxia, Deaths due to fire, electrocution. Starvation, drowning cases, Various Sexual offences and amendment in IPC. 

Injuries –Classification and Medico-legal Aspects. Mechanical Injuries. Firearm Injuries. Thermal Injuries. Explosion Injuries. Electrical Injuries. Atmospheric Lightning. Radiation Injury. Regional Injuries. Traffic Accidents, Medicolegal cases, registration of cases as MLC, Preparation of Medico-legal cases report, Disposal of death cases (legal and non- legal)  

Objectives of Autopsy, Rules for medico-legal Autopsies, Medico-legal versus Hospital Autopsy, Procedure of Autopsy: laboratory procedure, Second Autopsy, obscure Autopsy, Psychological Autopsy, Concept of Virtual autopsy, Micro-radiology and future, Computed Tomography, Preservation of dead bodies, Handling of highly infected bodies, Autopsy report. 

2. Barry, A.J. Fisher; “Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation”, 7th Ed, CRC Press, NY, 2003.

3. David J. Thomas & Lewis M. James, Forensic Odontology Principles and Practice, Mica Haley, 2018.

4. Butler M. John, Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing, Academic Press, 2010.

5. Chadha, PV; “Handbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology”, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2004.

7. Jones Richard & James-Payne Jason, Simpson’s Forensic Medicine (14th edition), Taylor & Francis group, 2019.

8. Reddy Narayan S.K., The Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (29th edition), Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2017.

9. Rivers B. David & Dahlem A. Gregory, The Science of Forensic Entomology, Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. 

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to disseminate the knowledge about basic concepts of chemistry, concentration of alcohol and petroleum products. This paper tends to describe various types of poisons, identification of pesticides. This paper will help to understand the concept of drugs, NDPS act, collection and forwarding of drugs. Further, it will make the students to understand the concept of fire, analysis of debris, various types of explosives and discussion on case studies related to explosives.  

Scope & significance of Forensic Chemistry, Types of cases/exhibits received for analysis. Trap Cases: Collection, and Preliminary analysis of evidence in trap cases. Alcoholic Beverages: Types of alcohols, country made liquor, illicit liquor, denatured spirits, Indian made foreign alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Dyes: Scope & Significance of dyes in crime investigation, analysis of ink by TLC and UV visible spectrophotometry. Petroleum products and their adulterations: Chemical composition of various fractions of Petroleum Products, Analysis of petrol, kerosene, diesel. 

Forensic Toxicology - History and Pioneers, Scope and Significance. Classification of Poisons based on their mode of action, uses and origin. Action of poisons, Poisons –Types, routes of administration, toxicity, sign and symptoms. Factors affecting the effect of poison, management and medico-legal aspects of poisoning cases. Isolation and purification of poisons, Common Poisoning in India: Pesticides: Different types and their formulations, identification of pesticides, Guidelines for collecting forensic evidences in poisoning cases at crime scene. Importance of Post mortem examination in poisoning cases. Sample preparation for the analysis of poisons in body tissues/fluids and analysis by various instrumental techniques.  

Scope and significance NDPS drugs in forensic science, Classification and characterization of NDPS drugs, Drug Law Enforcement, Search & Seizure, sampling procedure, Forwarding of sample to FSL, Sample preparation for analysis, Preliminary analysis of drugs, quantitative analysis of drugs, instrumental analysis of drugs from hairs, saliva. Reporting of drug cases, Drug abuse, Drug addiction and its problems.  

Fire: Introduction to Fire & Arson, origin of fire, Chemistry of Fire, Firefighting operations, preservation of fire scene, collection of evidences, Seat of fire, cause of fire, motives, Analysis of fire debris, Case studies related to fire and Arson. Explosive and Explosion: Scope & significance of explosive analysis in forensic science, Types of explosives, deflagration and detonation, explosive trains, collection, preservation and forwarding of exhibits, preliminary analysis of explosives. Do‟s and Don‟ts. Case studies related to explosives.  

2. Siegel A. Jay & Mirakovits Kathy, Forensic Science the basic (3rd edition), CRC Press, 2015.

3. Morrison R.T and Boyd R. N.; “Organic Chemistry”, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003.

4. “Laboratory Procedure Manual: Petroleum Products”, Directorate of Forensic Science, MHA, Govt. of India, 2005.

5. “Working Procedure Manual on Chemistry”, Directorate of Forensic Science MHA Govt. of India, 2005. 

7. Ramachandran R., Scientific techniques in criminal investigation (2nd edition), Kamal Publishers, 2021.

8. “Laboratory Procedure Manual: Forensic Toxicology”, Directorate of Forensic Science, MHA, Govt. of India, 2005.

9. Stuart H. Barbara, Forensic Analytical Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, 2013.

10. Lewis A. Jane, Forensic Document Examination: Fundamentals and current trends, Academic Press, 2014.

11. “Working Procedure Manual- Chemistry, Explosives and Narcotics”, BPR&D, 2000.

12.. Bardale Rajesh, Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2011.

13. Chadha, PV; “Handbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology”, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2004.

14. Modi, JP; “Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence & Toxicology”, N.M. Tripathi Pub, 2001. 

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to disseminate the knowledge about forensic examination of fired cartridge cases, mechanism and very types of ammunition. It also aims to discuss the forensic examination of cartridges cases and gunshot reside. The course will explain about forensic examination of various physical evidences along with speaker identification, recognition and various sources of audio/ video, digital evidences.

History and development of firearms- their classification and characteristics, various components of small arms, smooth bore and rifled firearms, bore and caliber, shotgun barrels, chokes - their degrees and types; different automatic mechanisms used in small arms – blow back, recoil operated and gas operated mechanisms, rifling, class characteristics of rifled bore, purpose of rifling, methods to produce rifling; trigger and firing mechanism, trigger pull, accidental discharge of firearms, country-made firearms, improvised and imitation firearms. Types of ammunition, nomenclature, percussion caps and their types, various priming composition, propellants, types of cartridge cases, their heads, various types of bullets and their compositional aspects. Safety aspects about handling of firearms and ammunition. 

Physical evidence available in crime involving firearms, principles and practice of identification of firearms, class and individual characteristics, various marks on fired cartridge cases and bullets, test firings, techniques of obtaining test materials, comparison microscope and matching of marks on evidence and test exhibits, automated bullet-cartridge identification system – IBIS and NIBIN. Estimation of range of firing: burning, blackening, tattooing, spread of pellets, Walker‟s test. Chemical tests of copper and lead around gunshot holes. Gun-Shot Residue: Gun-Shot Injuries – caused by shotguns, rifles, revolvers, pistols, evaluation of gunshot injuries. Dermal nitrate test, why was it abandoned, mechanism of formation of gunshot residue, various methods of lifting of gunshot residue, griess reagent test, detection of GSR by AAS. Knowledge of Arms Act. 

Formation and types of soil, composition of soil, particle size distribution, microscopic examination, density gradient analysis, interpretation of soil evidence, Types of glass and their composition, Forensic examination of glass fractures, determination of direction of impact: cone fracture, rib marks, hackle marks, color and fluorescence, physical matching, refractive index, and interpretation of glass evidence. Types of paint and their composition, macroscopic and microscopic studies, pigment distribution, micro-chemical analysis, solubility test, density and elemental analysis of paint, pyrolysis chromatographic techniques, IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. 

Physics of sound: waves and sound, analysis and synthesis of complex waves, Human and non-human utterances. Vocal anatomy, Speech signal processing and pattern recognition – basic factors of sound in speech, acoustic characteristics of speech signal, Vocal Formants, Forensic Voice Identification: analysis and recording of voice samples in trap/sting investigation., Fourier analysis, analysis of audio-video signal for authenticity, Introduction to the techniques of pattern recognition and comparison. Sound Spectrograph, Voice Spectrographic analysis, Computerized Approach

2. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015

3.Houck M. Max & Siegel A. Jay, Fundamentals of Forensic Science (3rd edition), Academic Press, 2015.

4. Skoog A. Douglas, Holler James F. & Crouch R. Stanley, Principles of Instrumental Analysis (7th edition), Cengage, 2018

6. Kumar K., Forensic Ballistics in Criminal Justice (1st edition), Eastern Book Company, 2015.

7.Sharma R. B., Firearms in Criminal investigation & Trial (5th edition), Universal Law Publishing, 2017.

8. Fifield, F.W. and Kealy, D.; “Principles and practice of Analytical Chemistry”, 5th Edition, Blackwell Science, 2000.

9. Christian, G.D.; “Analytical Chemistry”, 6th Edition., John Wiley, 2004

10. Kealey, D. and Haines, P.J.; “Analytical Chemistry”, Bios Scientific/ Viva Books, 2002.  

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

The objective of this course is to disseminate the knowledge about introduction of cyber-crime and various types of offenses. It also aims to discuss the computer and networking. The course will explain about basics of information security, digital forensic and their examination.

Cyber Crime- Overview, Internal and External Attacks, Online and offline attacks. Cybercrimes against Individuals – E-mail spoofing and other online frauds, Phishing and its forms, Spamming, Cyber defamation, Cyberstalking and harassment, Computer Sabotage, Pornographic offenses, Password Sniffing. Cybercrime against organization – Unauthorized access of computer, Denial-of-service (DOS) attack, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, Backdoors and Malwares (virus, Trojan horse, worms), E-mail Bombing, Salami Attack, Software Piracy, Industrial Espionage. Cyber Security Policy, Security policies violations, Crimes related to Social Media, ATM, phishing/vishing frauds, Online and Banking Frauds. Intellectual Property Frauds. Cyber Crimes against Women and Children, Phases of cyber-attack.  

Introduction to Computer Hardware - Various Components of a Computer, Micro-Processor, Memory, Data Storage Devices and Networking components. Understanding Computer Operating Systems (OS), Booting process of computers. Introduction to File Systems and its types. Networking- Digital and Analog Signaling Methods, Network Types and Topologies, Different types of IP Addresses, Network Hardware Devices and Client/Server Computing. 

Information Security - Overview of Information security, CIA Triad, Threats and Vulnerabilities and Risk, Policy, Standards, Procedures, Guidelines and Baselines. Information Asset Classification: Classification of Information, Information Assets – Owner, Custodian, User. Access control, Authentication and Authorization. Information assurance and defensive measures. Digital Document Security. Cryptography: Definitions and Concepts, Symmetric and Asymmetric Cryptosystems, Classical Encryption Techniques – Substitution Techniques, Transposition Techniques, Block Ciphers and Stream Ciphers, Hybrid Encryption Techniques, One-Time Pad. E-mail security, Internet and Web Security. Steganography and Steganalysis.

Digital Forensics- Introduction, Objective and Methodology, Rules of Digital Forensics, First responder - role, toolkit, do‟s & don‟ts; Search and Seizure of Volatile and Non-volatile Digital Evidence. Imaging and Hashing Digital Evidence, Introduction to deleted file Recovery; Overview of types of Computer Forensics – Network Forensics, Mobile Forensics, Social Media Forensics and E-mail Forensics. Seizing and preserving mobile devices. Methods of acquisition of evidence from mobile devices. Data Acquisition and Evidence Gathering from social media. Introduction to IT Act.  

2. Shon Harris, “All in One CISSP, Exam Guide Sixth Edition”, McGraw Hill, 2013.

3. Bill Nelson, Amelia Phillips and Christopher Stuart; “Guide to Computer Forensics and Investigations” – 3rd Edition, Cengage, 2010 BBS.

4. William Stallings; “Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practices”, Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall Publication Inc., 2007.  

6. Majid Yar; “Cybercrime and Society”, Sage Publications, 2006.

7. Michael E Whiteman and Herbert J Mattord; “Principles of Information Security”, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 2003.

8. Matt Bishop, “Computer Security Art and Science”, Pearson/PHI, 2002.

9. Peter Singer and Allan Fredman; “Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone needs to know”, Oxford University Press, 2014. 10. Raef Meeuwisse; “Cybersecurity for Beginners”, Icutrain Ltd., 2015.  

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

Introduction to Statistics for Forensic Scientists is an essential introduction to the subject, guiding the students through the key statistical techniques used to evaluate various types of forensic evidence. With a brief overview of the history and use of statistics within forensic science, the students will be introduced to the different statistical techniques commonly used to examine data obtained during laboratory experiments. There is a strong emphasis on the evaluation of scientific observation as evidence and modern Bayesian approaches to interpreting forensic data for the courts.

The scope of statistics in forensic science; Classification of study design, Observational studies and Experimental studies (uncontrolled studies, trials with external controls, crossover studies, trials with self-controls, trials with independent concurrent controls); Exploration and presentation of data: Scales of measurement, Tables, Graphs, Histograms, Box and Whisker plots, Frequency polygon, Scatter Plots, Principle component analysis.

Definition, mutually exclusive events and addition rule, independent events and multiplication rule. Sampling: Reasons for sampling, methods of sampling, SRS, Systematic, Stratified, Cluster, NPS. Probability distribution: Binomial, Poisson, Gaussian, Standard normal distribution. Drawing inferences from data: Tests of significance: Statistical inference – estimation - testing of hypothesis - t-test, Chi square test (goodness of fit, independence or association, detection of linkages), Z-test, Confidence intervals, Confidence limits, Hypothesis tests, Types of errors, P-values.

Decision about single mean (normal population and non-normal population), decision about single group, decision about paired groups, decision about two independent groups, equality of population variances, computer-aided illustration for comparison of means; Comparing three or more means: ANOVA – one way, two-way, A-priori comparison, Posterior or Post Hoc comparison. Statistical methods for multiple variables: Multiple regression, predicting with more than 1 variable, Statistical test for regression coefficient, Role of R and R2 in multiple regression, Confounding variable (ANACOVA), predicting categorical outcomes – logistic regression, discriminant analysis.

Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Spearman’s rho, Linear regression, Least Square method, predicting with regression equation, comparing two regression lines, dealing with nonlinear observation, Common errors in regression, Comparing correlation and regression.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: 5 x 20 marks = 100 marks. Out of five, three questions will have choices.

This course will help to developing an understanding of biological evidences and their analysis, Examination of human hairs and fibers and vegetable fibers, Identification of common poisons and their microscopic examination, to test various drugs, preliminary examination and analysis of arson cases.  

1. Identification of blood stains using enzymatic and crystal tests

2. Identification of seminal stains using presumptive test, crystal test and detection of spermatozoa

3. Identification of saliva stains, preliminary examination and confirmatory examination.

4. Identification of urine stains, color test.

5. Microscopic Examination of Human and Animal Hairs

6. Microscopic Examination of Vegetable Fibers, solubility test and chemical tests.

7. Examination of fibers for elemental analysis (Protein, Sulphur, Nitrogen, Chlorine)

8. Identification of commonly encountered inorganic poisons Arsenic, Antimony, Bismuth, Mercury by color test and microscopic examination.

9. Identification of ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol by color tests and microscopic examination.

10. Analysis of accelerants and incendiary in Arson cases by TLC and UV visible spectrophotometry.

11. Identification of explosives by color tests & group analysis.

12. Identification of NDPS drugs by color tests and TLC.

13. Extracting poisons from vomit and urine samples.

14. Lab testing of Aluminum Phosphide (Phosphine gas)

15. Color/spot and TLC separation for common drugs of abuse.

16. Analysis of phenolphthalein in trap cases.

17. Identification tests for volatiles (Acetone/ Acetaldehyde/ Ethyl alcohol/)

18. Identification of Basic drugs by colour and screening tests 

2. Barry, A.J. Fisher; “Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation”, 7th Ed, CRC Press, NY, 2003.

3. David J. Thomas & Lewis M. James, Forensic Odontology Principles and Practice, Mica Haley, 2018.

4. Butler M. John, Fundamentals of Forensic DNA Typing, Academic Press, 2010.

5. Chadha, PV; “Handbook of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology”, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2004. 

7. Jones Richard & James-Payne Jason, Simpson’s Forensic Medicine (14th edition), Taylor & Francis group, 2019.

8. Reddy Narayan S.K., The Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (29th edition), Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2017.

9. Rivers B. David & Dahlem A. Gregory, The Science of Forensic Entomology, Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. 

10. Sharma R. B., Firearms in Criminal investigation & Trial (5th edition), Universal Law Publishing, 2017. 

Performance: 40 marks

Mid Semester Examination: 40 marks

Record: 20 marks

End semester Examination – 100 marks

This course will help to developing an understanding of examination of fired cartridge cases, examination physical properties of various evidences, and microscopic examination, Identification of fibers, preliminary and chemical examination, To compare cloth pieces and reconstruction of broken bangle piece. 

1. Examination of comparison of class and individual characteristics of fired bullets.

2. Examination and comparison of fired cartridge cases (caliber, firing pin marks, breech face marks, chamber marks, extractor and ejector marks)

3. Chemical tests for powder residue – Walker’s Test & barrel wash

4. Examination of physical properties of soil and microscopic examination.

5. Density gradient and particle size distribution and pH measurement of soil.

6. Examination of physical properties of glass, physical examination of glass.

7. Color and fluorescence examination of glass, Determination of refractive index of glass,

8. Examination of physical properties of paint, macroscopic and microscopic studies,

9. Micro-chemical analysis, solubility test, IR spectroscopy

10. Physical examination of fiber, microscopic examination, burning tests, solubility test and chemical examination

11. Comparison of different cloth pieces.

12. Analysis and comparison of broken bangles piece.

13. Comparison of Tool marks.

14. Physical matching and glass fracture determination.

15. Microscopic examination of pre-blast and post-blast residue.

16. Nitrate and Nitrite chemical test in explosive materials.

17. Comparison microscope.

18. Heavy element analysis in explosive material by AAS. 

19. IP address finding.

20. Information gathering and searching approaches (system and web

21. Understanding and using networking commands

22. Identifying and removing viruses in the Windows environment

23. Analyzing the data packets based on password sniffing

24. Creating a network design with IP addresses

25. Implementing and testing client-server computing.

26. Creating and integrating nodes in diverse network topologies

27. Managing networking devices for authentication and authorization configuration

28. Securing the document using the digital certificate

29. Classical encryption techniques for network security

30. Reading and analyzing email headers for cyber forensics 

2. Saferstein Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science (11th edition), Pearson, 2015

3.Houck M. Max & Siegel A. Jay, Fundamentals of Forensic Science (3rd edition), Academic Press, 2015.

4. Skoog A. Douglas, Holler James F. & Crouch R. Stanley, Principles of Instrumental Analysis (7th edition), Cengage, 2018 

6. Kumar K., Forensic Ballistics in Criminal Justice (1st edition), Eastern Book Company, 2015.

7.Sharma R. B., Firearms in Criminal investigation & Trial (5th edition), Universal Law Publishing, 2017.

8. Fifield, F.W. and Kealy, D.; “Principles and practice of Analytical Chemistry”, 5th Edition, Blackwell Science, 2000.

9. Christian, G.D.; “Analytical Chemistry”, 6th Edition., John Wiley, 2004

10. Kealey, D. and Haines, P.J.; “Analytical Chemistry”, Bios Scientific/ Viva Books, 2002. 

Performance: 40 marks

Mid Semester Examination: 40 marks

Record: 20 marks

End semester Examination – 100 marks

Theobjectiveofthiscourseistoexplaintherelevanceofpersonalidentificationanditsapplicationusingsomatometricandsomatoscopicobservation,tattoomarks,deformitiesandgenetictraitsinforensicinvestigations.Itwillalsoexplainthebasicprinciplesofhumangrowthanddevelopmentwithfocusonmethodsofassessingage-especiallydentalageandskeletalage.Thecoursewouldhighlighttheforensicmorphometryofskeletalremains,skeletalanalysisanddetailsofforensicodontology.

Scope Importance and significance of forensic anthropology. Personal identification of living individuals,Importanceandneedforpersonalidentification,Documentsproof,scars,professionalmarks,personalarticles, tattoo marks, Finger printings, dentures, age of victim, sex, race, and height of the victim, nails.Genetic traits of forensic significance: Color blindness, ear lobe, brachydactyly, polydactyly, widow’s peak,frontal eminences, Identification oftherecently dead and decomposed bodies. Determination ofAge, Sex,RaceandStaturefromskeletalremains,skull,Pelvis,andlongbones.Darwin’stubercle,supra-orbitalridges,physiognomic

Major stages of human growth and development- Prenatal growth, Postnatal growth and their characteristics,Factor affecting growth- Genetic and Environmental. Methods of studying;Human Growth, Significance ofage in growth studies Methods of assessing age-chronological age, dental age, skeletal age, secondary sexcharacterageandmorphologicalage.Ageassessment-Decimalagecalculation,agegrouping.Chronologicalanddevelopmentalage- Significanceofgrowthstudiesinforensics.

Natureandformationofbones,Classificationofhumanbones,IdentificationofHumanandAnimalremains.ForensicFacialReconstruction:TwoDimensionaland3ThreeDimensionalMethods,Bonefragments,Pathologicalchangesinbone.ImportanceofPhotofit/IdentityKitSystemforFacialReconstruction.cranioFacialSuperImpositionTechniques(PhotographicSuperImposition,Video-Superimposition,RoentgenographicSuperimposition).UseofSomatoscopicandCraniometricMethodsinReconstruction.GeneticandCongenitalAnomalies:Causes,Types,IdentificationandtheirForensicSignificance.AnthropologicalIndices-cephalicindex,nasalindex,cranialindex,upperfacialindex.

Introductiontohumandentition,Toothstructureandgrowth.typesandfunctionsofdifferentteeth,Estimation of age and sex determination from odontological evidences. Population difference in size andmorphology. Individualization of tooth pulp. Bite marks and its forensic significance. identification in massdisasters,Photography,liftingandpreservationofbitemarks.Typesofbitemarks;collectionandpreservation,Comparisonandevaluationofbitemarkevidences,forensicimportanceofbitemarks;identification- Casestudies,Medico-legalaspectsof bitemarks.

2.  Pickering,R.&BachmanD;TheuseofForensicAnthropology,CRCPress,CostaRica,2009.

3.  Shubhra,G;Introductiontoforensicexamination,SelectiveScientificBooks,NewDelhi,2008

4. Michael,W.Haney,H.A.&FreasL.E;TheForensicAnthropologyLaboratory,CRCPress,2008

2.ButlerM.John,FundamentalsofForensicDNATyping,AcademicPress,2010.

3.ReddyNarayanS.K.,The Synopsisof Forensic MedicineandToxicology(29^thedition), Jaypee BrothersMedicalPublishers,2017.

4.BurnsRameyKaren,ForensicAnthropologyTrainingManual(3^rdedition),Pearson,2013.

5.ByersN.Steven,IntroductiontoForensicAnthropology(5^thedition),RoutledgeTaylor&Francisgroup,2017.

6. RamachandranR.,Scientifictechniquesincriminalinvestigation(2^ndedition),KamalPublishers,2021.11.SiegelA.Jay&MirakovitsKathy,ForensicSciencethebasic(3^rdedition),CRCPress,2015

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of dermatoglyphics and otherimpression with their forensic implication. It will also familiarize students with the biometrics, technologyinvolved and multibiometric systems. The course also aims to discuss the foot/ footwear/tyre impressions lipprints,earprintsand theirsignificanceinforensicinvestigations

Development of Dermatoglyphics, formation of ridges, pattern types, class and individual characteristics.patternarea.Classificationoffingerprints-Henry’ssystemofclassification,single-digitclassification,ExtensionofHenry’sclassification,filing,searchingandfingerprintbureau.Compositionofsweat,developmentofchance,latent,visibleandplasticprints.Preservationandliftingoffingerprints,Conventionalmethodsofdevelopmentoflatentprints-fluorescentmethods,magneticpowdermethod,fuming method, advancement in chemical method etc. Application of laser and other radiations to developlatent fingerprints, metal deposition method and development of latent prints on skin. Utilization of nano-particlesinenhancementoffingerprints,collectionoffingerprintsfromlivinganddeadperson.Ridgecountingandridgetracing,Comparisonofpalmprintsonthebasisofindividualridgecharacteristics.AutomatedFingerprintIdentificationSystem (AFIS).

Definition,Historical developmentofbiometrics, Biometrics within Forensic science, Characteristicsandoperationofbiometricsystem.Classificationofbiometricsystems–physiologicalandbehavioral.PhysiologicalBiometrics;Fingerprints,palmprints,iris,retina,geometryofhandandface.BehavioralBiometrics; Handwriting, signatures, types of forgery, keystrokes, gait and voice and speaker recognition.Strength and weakness of physiological and behavioral biometrics. Multimodal biometrics. Key biometricprocesses–enrollment,identificationandverification.Positiveandnegativeidentification,MeasuresofBiometrics; Performance measures used in biometric systems – FAR, FRR, GAR,FTA, FTE and ATV.Biometricversustraditionaltechnologies.

Definition, nature,its types, Gait pattern,Casting of footprints indifferent medium, electrostaticlifting oflatentfootprints.Takingofcontrolsamples.Collectionandtracing,lifting,castingofimpressions/footprints,enhancementoffootwearimpressions,analysisandcomparisonoffootimpressions,moulds,identificationcharacteristics.takingofcontrolsamples,skidmarks,treadmarks,significanceandexamination. different types of tyre marks and tool marks encountered, significance of tyre marks and toolmarks,evaluationanditsexamination.

Human lip anatomy, Aetiology of lip; environmental factors, genetic factors, Nature, location, collection andevaluationoflipprints,typesoflipprints,cheiloscopy,ForensicSignificance,photography,takingofcontrolsamplesoflipprints,Assessmentoflipmorphology;clinicalassessment,anthropometric,ultrasound,three-dimensionalimages,comparisonoflipprints.Moderntechniquesanddevelopments.

2.  Jain,A.K.,Flynn,P.&RossA.A.,HandbookofBiometrics,Springer,NewYork2008.

3.  SafersteinRichard,Criminalistics:AnIntroductiontoForensicScience(11^thedition),Pearson,2015

4.  DaluzMosesHillary,FundamentalsofFingerprintAnalysis,Taylor&Francisgroup,2015.

5.  SharmaR.B.,FirearmsinCriminalinvestigation&Trial(5^thedition),UniversalLawPublishing,2017.

8.  SiegelA.Jay&MirakovitsKathy,ForensicSciencethebasic(3^rdedition),CRCPress,2015.

9.  RobinsonM.Edward,CrimescenePhotography(2^ndedition),Academicpress,2010.

Theobjectiveofthiscourseistoexplaintheconceptofhumangenetics,roleofgenesandmutations.Itwillalsofamiliarizestudentswiththeserologicalexaminationanddeterminationofspecies.Thecoursealsoaimstodiscussthevarioustechniquesusedinbloodgroupexaminationandenzymes.

Principles of heredity, Mendelian Inheritance; Epistasis, Multiple Allelism, Mutations; Mutagens and theirtypes(Physical,chemical,biological),Heredity,Alleles,Humangenetics,Geneticsofpaternity,Humangenetic variations. Mutations & population Genetic Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. Mutation- their types andcauses.Relevanceofpopulationgenetics.Allelefrequency,genotypefrequency.Polymorphismandheterozygosity. Measures of genetic variations. Interaction of Genes; Supplementary genes, Complementarygenes,Pleiotropy,Lethalgenes,Mutation:Definitionandtypes,Spontaneousandinducedmutation,ChromosomalaberrationMutation,

Immune system, immune response, innate and acquired immunity, antigens, antibodies, and their reactions.Determination of species of origin-ring test, single diffusion in one dimension and two-dimension, doublediffusioninonedimensionandtwodimensions,immune-electrophoresis,rocketimmune-electrophoresis,two-dimensionalelectrophoresis,cross-overelectrophoresis,Anti-humanglobulinseruminhibitiontest,passive haem-agglutination method, precipitin-inhibition test, mixed agglutination method, sensitized latexparticlemethod.Lectinsandtheirforensicsignificance,methodsofsterilizationemployforserologicalwork.

Human blood group systems. History, biochemistry and genetics of ABO, Rh, Mn and other forensicallysignificantbloodgroupsystems.MethodsofABObloodgrouping(absorption-inhibition,mixedagglutinationand absorptionelution) from blood stainsand other body fluids/stains. Newapproaches inbloodstain grouping. Blood group specific ABH substances. Secretors and non- secretors. Blood groups thatmake racial distinctions. Lewis antigen. Bombay Blood groups. HLA antigens and HLA typing. Role ofsero-geneticmarkersinindividualizationandpaternitydisputes.Pitfallsinredcelltyping.

Biomarkers of individualization;definition and classification.   Red cell enzymes: Genetics,Polymorphismandtyping of PGM, GLO-I,ESD, EAP, AK, ADA etc. and their forensic significance. Serum proteins:Genetics,polymorphismandtypingof– Hb,HP,TF,Bf,C3 etc.and theirforensicsignificance.Non-geneticapproachestoindividualization-biochemicalprofiling,antibodyprofilingandpersistentdiseaseagents.

2.  Gupta,S.K;“EssentialsofImmunology”,AryaPublications,2008.

3.  Kothari,ManuL;“EssentialsofHumanGenetics”,UniversityPress(India)Pvt.Ltd.,2009.

4.  SinghB.D.;“FundamentalsofGenetics”,KalyaniPublishers,2006.

5.  SiegelA.Jay&MirakovitsKathy,ForensicSciencethebasic(3^rdedition),CRCPress,2015.

2.    SkoogA.Douglas,HollerJamesF.&CrouchR.Stanley,PrinciplesofInstrumentalAnalysis(7^th

edition),Cengage,2018

3.  LiRichard,ForensicBiology(2^ndedition),Taylor&Francisgroup,2015.

4.      ElenaPilli,AndreaBertiForensicDNAAnalysisTechnologicalDevelopmentandInnovativeApplications,Routledge TaylorandFrancis,2021.

5.      ButlerM.John,FundamentalsofForensicDNATyping,AcademicPress,2010.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: Consist of 1 section. This section will consist of 5 questions carrying 20 marks each out of which students will get an option in any two questions  (20 X 5marks = 100 marks).

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of structure of DNA & RNA andforensicDNAtyping.Itwillalsofamiliarizestudentswiththecollection,preservationofserologicalsamples, variousDNA extraction methods byusing various advanced methods. The course also aims todiscussthevariousapplicationofDNAinforensicandbioinformaticstechniques.

ConceptofHeredity,Alleles,MutationsandGeneticspolymorphism.PopulationgeneticsandHardy-Weinberglaw,Calculationofallelefrequencies.DNAthescientificbasisofDNAtyping,Ashorthistoryand milestones in development of forensic DNA typing, Legal perspective and admissibility of DNA – legalstandardforadmissibilityofDNAprofilingprocedural&ethicalconcerns

Sources of DNA with respect to forensic application (blood, semen, saliva, urine, faeces, hair, teeth, bone,tissueandcells,touchDNA,microbialDNA),Qualityandquantityofthesamplesandqualityandquantityof DNA, Sample collection, Transportation, and preservation of samples for DNA analysis. DNA ExtractionMethods.QuantificationandQualityassessmentmethods.Agarosegelelectrophoresis(AGE),Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE), Capillary gel Electrophoresis- Principle and Instrumentation,ForensicIssues:DegradedDNA,contamination,mixedsamples,andlowcopynumber.Resultinterpretation,Qualityassurance inDNAfingerprinting.

PCR Basics, process, PCR Reaction set up, Gradient and Hot start PCR, multiplex PCR, PCR inhibitors andPCR enhancers, Trouble shooting of PCR, controls in PCR, advantages and disadvantages of PCR, RT-PCR,Real time PCR, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP), PCR-RFLP, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Variable Number Tandem Repeat(VNTR),ShortTandemRepeat(STR),SingleNucleotidePolymorphism(SNPS),MarkersonXchromosome and its uses, Markers on Y chromosomes and its uses, mtDNA profiling (HVR1 and HVR2profiling),DNAsequencing(SangersandNGS),mRNAmarkersinbodyfluididentification

EvaluationofDNAprofileresults,frequencyestimatecalculations,interpretations,allelefrequencydetermination,matchprobability,Paternity/Maternityindex,Siblingindex,Probabilityofmatch,anddiscrimination,discriminationpower,powerofexclusion,errorsininterpretation.IntroductiontoBioinformatics,DNAdatabases(GenBank,DDBJ,EMBL,CODIS,NDIS,INTERPOLDNADatabase(IDD), Europol Information System (EIS), Status of National DNA databank in India), The transnationalexchange of DNA data,sequence alignment tools-BLAST, CLUSTAL,BioEdit,Dendrogramandsoftwarefordendrogram

EarlyapplicationsofDNAprofiling(ImmigrationcaseofAndrewandserialmurdercaseofColinPitchfork), Identification of individuals of air craft accidents cases, identification of victims from the burnedremnants, Identification of accused in gangrape cases, Forensic investigation into Romanov Mystery, DNAprofilingfrom transplantedbonemarrow.

2.   Singh,Yashpal;“DNATestsinCriminalInvestigationTrial&PaternityDisputes”,AliaLawAgency,2006.

3.  Vij,Krishan;“BasicsofDNAandEvidentiaryIssues”,JaypeeBrothers,2004.

4.  J.M.Butler;“ForensicDNATyping”,ElsevierAcademicPress,2005.

5.   S.C.Rastogi,N.Mendiratta&P.Rastogi;“Bio-informatics–MethodsandApplications”,PHIlearningPvt.Ltd.,2009.

3.  JMClaverieandCedricNotedame;“Bioinformatics–ABeginner’sGuide”,WileyPublications,2008.

4.  JPBaride,A.P.Kulkarni&R.D.Mazumdar;“ManualofBiostatistics”,JaypeePublications,2003.

5.      J.ThomasMcclintock;“ForensicDNAAnalysis”,LewisPublications,2008.

6.       P.S.S Sundar RaoandJ.Richard;“IntroductiontoBiostatisticsand ResearchMethods”, 5thEdition,2012.

7.      ButlerM.John,FundamentalsofForensicDNATyping,AcademicPress,2010.

8.         ElenaPilli,AndreaBertiForensicDNAAnalysisTechnologicalDevelopmentandInnovativeApplications,Routledge TaylorandFrancis,2021.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: Consist of 1 section. This section will consist of 5 questions carrying 20 marks each out of which students will get an option in any two questions  (20 X 5marks = 100 marks).

Theobjectiveofthiscourseistoexplaintheconceptofpsychologyandpsychopathologyinforensicscience.Itwillalsofamiliarizethestudentswithseveralpsychologicalexaminationmethods used for interrogation.The coursealso aims todiscuss the application polygraph andits legal aspectsalong withhuman rights of an individual.Thispaper alsoenlightensnarco-analysisandBOES,legalandethicalaspects.

Definitionandfundamentalconceptsofforensicpsychologyandforensicpsychiatry.PsychologicalDisorder,   Psychopathology.   Psychological   assessment   and   its   importance.            Assessmentofmentalcompetency.Mentaldisordersandforensicpsychology.Psychologyofevidence–eyewitnesstestimony,confessionevidence.ForensicPsychologyandtheLaw,EthicalIssuesinForensicPsychology,Civilandcriminalcaseassessment,ForensicPsychologicalevidence,CrimeandPsychopathology,GeneticsandCrime,Serialmurders,ModusOperandi;Serialmurderers.Psychologyofterrorism.Biologicalfactorsandcrime–sociallearningtheories,psycho-socialfactors,Insanity,McNaughton’sRule,DurhamRuleofInsanity

Psychological Assessment: Psychological Assessment Tools, Detection of deception, Various methods fordetectionofdeception,Interview,Non-verbaldetection,statementassessment,Hypnosis,,voicestressanalyzer,Polygraph,thermalimaging,BrainElectricalOscillationSignatureProfiling,scientific,basis,methods,operationalenvironment,application,utility,limitationsandlegalstatus.FunctionalMagneticResonance study, Current research in detection of deception/truth finding mechanisms. Psychological tests,typesof tests,PersonalitytestsandThe MMPItest

Polygraph:HistoricalaspectsofPolygraph,Principlesofpolygraph,psychophysiologicalaspects,operationalaspects,Questionformulationtechniquesandoperational,interviewingtechniqueprocedure,The Art-Polygraph, Legal and Ethical aspects,Competence to stand trialand use of psychological tests,Humanrightsofindividual.Neurobiologicalforensictestingandinvestigation.

Narco-Analysis: Historical aspects, Principle and Theory, General Procedure –Legal and Ethical aspects,Human rights of individual. Brain fingerprinting Brain Electrical Oscillation Signature (BEOS) Profiling:PrincipleandTheory,GeneralProcedure–LegalandEthicalaspects,Humanrightsofindividual.Forensic assessment & treatment of sexual offenders & their victims. Ethical & legal issues in forensicpractice.

Bartol,C.R.andBartol,A.M.IntroductiontoForensicPsychology.Researchandapplication,2Edn,BarnesandNoblesNewYork,2008.

1.      SafersteinRichard,Criminalistics:AnIntroductiontoForensicScience(11^thedition),Pearson,2015.

2.      HouckM.Max&SiegelA.Jay,FundamentalsofForensicScience(3^rdedition),AcademicPress,2015.

3.      Veeraraghavan,V.HandbookofForensicPsychology,SelectScientificPublishers,NewDelhi.2009.

4.      Virudhagirinathan,B.S.&Karunanidhi,S.,"CurrentstatusofpsychologyandclinicalpsychologyinIndia-Anappraisal",InternationalReviewofPsychiatry,2014.

5.      Patherick,W.,Turvey,B.andFergusson,C.ForensicCriminology,ElsevierAcademicPress.USA.2009

Attendance (5%) and End Semester Examination

( CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

END SEMSTER EXAMINATION: Consist of 1 section. This section will consist of 5 questions carrying 20 marks each out of which students will get an option in any two questions.  (5x20=100 marks)

This course will help to Determine morphological structure of hair and itsexamination,experiments on Skeltonremnants to study age and gender determination of gender and age from long bones to identify the age and gender from teeth.

12.  Examinationof3DphotographsforBitemarks.

13.  DNAprofilingfromtooth/burnttooth.

Performance: 40 marks

Mid Semester Examination: 40 marks

Record: 20 marks

End semester Examination – 100 marks

Thiscoursewillhelpdevelopinganunderstandingofexaminationvariousbloodgroupingtests,experimentsonelectrophoresisofredcellisozymes,DNAExtractionfrombiologicalsamplesusingadvancedmethods,tounderstandandimplementvariousbioinformaticstools.

1.  Determinationofspeciesoforiginofblood,semenandsaliva.

2.    ABOgroupingofbloodstainsbyabsorptionelution,absorptioninhibitionandmixedagglutinationtechniques.

3.  ABOgroupingfromhairroot

4.  Rhgroupingofbloodstains

5.  MNgroupingofbloodstains

6.  Determinationofsecretorstatusfromsalivabyinhibitiontechniques.

7.  Experimentsonelectrophoresisofredcellisozymesviz.PGM,GLO,EsD,EAP,ADA,AK.

8.  ExperimentsonelectrophoresisofserumproteinsHp,Tf,C3,Bf,Gcetc.

9.  Menstrualbloodanditsexaminationbymicroscopicandelectrophoreticmethods.

10.  Faecalstains:chemicalandmicroscopicalexamination,testingofurineandsweat.

11.  Examinationofsalivaanditsstains:microscopicalandchemicaltests.

12.  Examinationofbloodstains:physicalandchemicaltests;spectroscopicexamination.

13.   Examinationofseminalstains:crystaltests,chemical,biochemical,microscopicalandelectro-immuno-diffusiontest.

4.  DNAExtractionfrombiologicalsamplesusingcommerciallyavailablekits

5.  QualitativeandQuantitativeAnalysisusingAgarose,UVSpectrophotometerandRealtime-PCR.

6.  PCRAmplificationofDNAsamples

7.  Amp-RFLPAnalysisofbiologicalsamples

8.  STRtypingusingverticalpoly-acrylamidegelelectrophoresisandsilverstaining.

Bioinformatics

1.      Dockingstudiesofligands

2.      Constructionofdendogram

3.      Pubmed,

4.      BLASTN,BLASTPandBLASTX

5.      FASTA

6.      KEGG

2.   Singh,Yashpal;“DNATestsinCriminalInvestigationTrial&PaternityDisputes”,AliaLawAgency,2006.

3.  Vij,Krishan;“BasicsofDNAandEvidentiaryIssues”,JaypeeBrothers,2004.

4.  J.M.Butler;“ForensicDNATyping”,ElsevierAcademicPress,2005.

5.   S.C.Rastogi,N.Mendiratta&P.Rastogi;“Bio-informatics–MethodsandApplications”,PHIlearningPvt.Ltd.,2009.

3.  JMClaverieandCedricNotedame;“Bioinformatics–ABeginner’sGuide”,WileyPublications,2008.

4.  JPBaride,A.P.Kulkarni&R.D.Mazumdar;“ManualofBiostatistics”,JaypeePublications,2003.

5.      J.ThomasMcclintock;“ForensicDNAAnalysis”,LewisPublications,2008.

6.       P.S.S Sundar RaoandJ.Richard;“IntroductiontoBiostatisticsand ResearchMethods”, 5thEdition,2012.

7.      ButlerM.John,FundamentalsofForensicDNATyping,AcademicPress,2010.

8.         ElenaPilli,AndreaBertiForensicDNAAnalysisTechnologicalDevelopmentandInnovativeApplications,Routledge TaylorandFrancis,2021.

Mid Semester Examination: 40 marks

Record: 20 marks

End semester Examination – 100 marks

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of introduction of drugs, varioustypesofdrugs.Itwillalsofamiliarizestudentswiththecollection,preservationofvariousformofdrugstheirpreliminaryandinstrumentalanalysis.Thecoursealsoaimstodiscussthevariousapplicationclandestine requirement of its examination and facilities. Thissubject willfocus on an emerging aspect ofdrugsinsports,itsidentification andlegalaspects.

Definition of Drug, Drug Use &Misuse, DrugChemistry, Drug Dependence and chemistry ofAddiction,Drug Receptors and Brain Chemistry. Drugs of Abuse: Definition, Classification based on Form and Origin,Use, Effects and Schedules, Structure of NDPS Act and the definitions of each drug classification, Drugs asEvidence,ProfilingExamplesofIllegalDrugs,UnitedNationsInternationalDrugControlProgramme.

AnalysisofDrugsofAbuse:Origin,Pharmacology,Methodsofpreparation,Storage,DiluentsandAdulterants,SampleHandling,OptimizationofExperimentalConditions,Presumptive/ScreeningandConfirmatoryMethods:Color/spottest,Microscopicexamination,Microcrystallinetests,Thin-LayerChromatography,SamplePreparationbeforeTLCSpecimen,ExtractionEvaluationofTLCforDrugScreening, Immunoassay Methods, UV Spectrophotometry, IR/FTIR Spectrophotometry, NMR, GC-MS &HPLC/LC-MS,LegalImplicationsandDataInterpretationofOpiumandOpioidsanalgesics,Stimulants(Cocaine,Amphetamine&otheramphetaminederivatives),Depressants(BarbituratesandBenzodiazepines), Hallucinogens (Cannabis, LSD, Psilocybine and Mescaline), OTC, Inhalant and VolatileSubstances,Drugsinsexualassault

Clandestinelaboratory:MeaningandDefinitionofClandestine,ClandestineLaboratory,LabOperators,Manufacturing Process:Extraction, Conversion,Synthesis, and Tableting,The needs triangle:EquipmentNeeds:Reflux,Distillation,Hydrogenation,BucketChemistry,Extractions,ChemicalNeeds,andknowledgeneeds,HarmsCausedbyClandestineDrugLabs,Sceneprocessing,

Designerdrugs:Definition,AnalogsofFentanylandMeperidine(bothsyntheticopioids),Phencyclidine(PCP),Amphetaminesandmethamphetamines(whichhavehallucinogenicandstimulantproperties).LaboratoryAnalysis:TheChemist,Extractions:PhysicalExtraction,Dry Wash/Extraction,Liquid/LiquidExtractions, Analysis: Chemical Color Tests, Microscopic Techniques, Infrared Spectroscopy, Thin-LayerChromatography, Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography. Format of NDPS Report Writing & CourtRoomTestimony.

Drug Abuse in Sports: Introduction, International Olympic Committee (IOC), World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA),Nationalanti-dopingagency(NADA),ClassificationofcommonlyprohibitedsubstancesandPerformanceenhancingMethods,Steroids,StackandPyramidmethods,BloodDoping,Genedoping,Masking agents, Analysis of drugs from hair, Urine and other Body Fluids and hair and its harmful effects,Sampling techniques, ethical consideration, analytical approaches, Determination of sex of Athletes/sportspersonnel,Presentationof evidence,legalaspects

2.   BardaleRajesh,PrinciplesofForensicMedicineandToxicology,JaypeeBrothersMedicalPublishers,2011.

3.    JonesRichard&James-PayneJason,Simpson’sForensicMedicine(14^thedition),Taylor&Francisgroup,2019.

4.   ReddyNarayanS.K.,TheSynopsisofForensicMedicineandToxicology(29^thedition),JaypeeBrothersMedicalPublishers,2017.

8.Ramachandran R., Scientific techniques in criminal investigation (2^nd edition), Kamal Publishers, 2021.9.HouckM.Max,ForensicBiology:AdvancedForensicScienceSeries(1^stedition),Academicpress,2015.9.SiegelA.Jay&MirakovitsKathy,ForensicSciencethebasic(3^rdedition),CRCPress,2015.

10.LappasT.Nicholas&LappasM.Courtney,ForensicToxicology:PrinciplesandConcepts,ShirleyDecker-Lucke,2016.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

End semester examination : 100 Marks

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of forensic biological evidencesincluding; blood, semen, saliva, sweat and their identification by using emerging technologies. It will alsofamiliarize students’ alcohol toxication their preliminary and instrumental analysis. The course also aims todiscussthevariousapplicationofanimalpoison,identificationandexaminationprocess.

Compositionofbodyfluids-blood,semen,saliva,vaginalfluid,urine,sweatandmenstrualblood.Identificationofbloodstains,seminalstain,salivastain,vaginalfluid,urine,sweatandmenstrualbloodusingcurrentandemergingtechniques.Distinguishingvaginalacidphosphataseandseminalacidphosphataseusingisoelectricfocusing techniques.

Identification and matching of various types of wood, timber varieties, seeds and leaves. Types of vegetablefibers and methods of their identification. Planktons and Diatoms- Forensic importance. Isolation of diatomfromwater,bodyorgansandtissues.Identificationofpollengrainsandstarchgrains.PaperPulpexamination.Identificationofpoisonousplantsofforensicsignificance,Abrusprecatorius,Aconitum,Argemonemexicana,Cannabissativa,Atropabelladonna,Erythroxylumcoco,Lathyrussativus,Manihotutilissima,Neriumindicum,Ricinuscommunis,Strychnosnuxvomica,Ergot,Opium,DhaturaandPsilocybinmushrooms.

ForensicEntomology-History,significance,determinationoftimesincedeathDipteranslarvaldevelopment-lifecycleofblowfly,housefly,flesh-fly.Successionalcolonizationofbody,determiningwhether the body has been moved, body disturbance, presence and position wounds, linking suspect to thescene, identification of drugs and toxins from the insects and larvae feeding on the body, entomology as anevidentiarytoolinchildandseniorabusecasesandanimalabusecases,collectionandpreservationofentomologicalevidence.

IntroductionandimportanceofWildlife.Protectedandendangeredspeciesofanimalsandplants.Sanctuaries and their importance. Relevant provision of wildlife and environmental act. Types of wildlifecrimes.Differentmethods of killing andpoaching of wildlife animals, Illegaltrading inwildlife items, suchas skin, fur, bone, horn, teeth, flowers and plants. Identification of physical evidence pertaining to wildlifeforensics.Identificationof pugmarksofvariousanimals.

2.  Linarce,Adrian;“ForensicScienceinWildlifeInvestigation”,CRCPress,Taylor&Francis,2009.

3.  Baalu,T.R.;“TheWildlifeProtectionAct,1972”,NatarajPublication,2001.

2.  HeatherMillerCoyle;“ForensicBotany”,CRCPress,2005.

3.  X-RayManualbyWCCB,2013.

4.HouckM.Max&SiegelA.Jay,FundamentalsofForensicScience(3^rdedition),AcademicPress,2015.8.RiversB.David&DahlemA.Gregory,TheScienceofForensicEntomology,Wiley-Blackwell,2014.9.StuartH.Barbara,ForensicAnalyticalTechniques,JohnWiley&Sons,2013.

10.GunnAlan,EssentialForensicBiology(3^rdedition),JohnWiley,2019.

11.     LappasT.Nicholas&LappasM.Courtney,ForensicToxicology:PrinciplesandConcepts,ShirleyDecker-Lucke,2016.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

End semester examination : 100 Marks

This course will help the students to learn advancement in fingerprints has facilitatedforensicinvestigation.Thispaperdealswithmorphologyandanatomyoffingerprintsandvariousdevelopmentaltechniques.Thiscourseprovidestheinformationaboutthirdleveldetailsincludingporoscopy and edgeoscopy and their utilization inpersonal identification.Thispaper willhelp studentstogetfamiliarwithadvancementin fingerprintcomputerizedapproach.

Introductionandrecapsulationtofingerprintscience,FunctionsofFingerprintsbureau,Fundamentalprinciples of fingerprint science, Anatomy of skin, biological significance of skin, Composition of sweat,secretaryglandseccrineglandsapocrine,glandssebaceousglandschemical composition,Ageof donor-variousage- groups,Composition oflatentprintresidues.

Iodine fuming, cyanoacrylate esters acceleration procedures, Post treatment procedures, Fluorescent andother chemical alternatives, Ninhydrin analogues, silver nitrate reagent, Special surfaces and situations:bloodyprints,tapeandstickysurfacesandskin,Postmortemfingerprintingtechniques.Latentprintenhancement by Laser and other alternate light sources: Using photo luminescent nano particles, basics of timegatedfingerprintdetection

Basics of phase resolved imaging, Fingerprint treatments: lanthanide based procedures, Photo luminescentfluorescence and phosphorescence, Use of Nano particles: cadmium, Zinc, Silver salts, Formation of silverphysical developer particles and preparation, Water and acid pretreatment, Multi metal deposition process,Colloidalgoldsolution,modifiedphysicaldeveloperenhancementtechniques,Digitalimagingmethods,optic methods,X ray,SEMmethods

Introduction,emergingapplication,Systemarchitecture,sensing,fingerprintrepresentation

Minutiaefeatureextraction,orientation,estimation,segmentationsegmentation,ridgedetection,Ridgedetection, finger print matching enhancement, Challenge, system issues system evaluation, Other biometricmethodsofidentificationirisscan,retinalscan.,Cheiloscopy,palatoprints,earprintsetc.inforensicandothersciences.,Importanceofporoscopy,ridgeology/edgeoscopy,AnintroductiontoUIDAadhaaranditssignificance, ScopeofresearchonDNAfromfingerprintresidues

2.  E.RolandMenzel;FingerprintDetectionwithLasers,2ndEd.,MarcelDekker,Inc.USA(1999)

3.      JASeigel,P.JSaukooandGCKnupfer;EncyclopediaofForensicSciencesVol.I,IIandIII,Acad.Press2000.

4.      Menzel,ERoland;Fingerprintdetectionwithlasers,MarcelDekker,NY(1999)

2.        BridgesBC;CriminalInvestigation,Practicalfingerprinting,ThumbImpressions,HandwritingexperttestimonyopinionEvidence,UniversityBookAgency,Allahabad2000.

3.      Maltoni,Davide;Handbookoffingerprintrecognition,SpringerVerlag,NY,2003

4.      RathaNalini;AutomaticFingerprintrecognitionsystem,SpringerPub.,NY,2004.

5.  DaluzMosesHillary,FundamentalsofFingerprintAnalysis,Taylor&Francisgroup,2015.

6.  JohariK.C.,ForensicScienceIdentification ofFingerprints(1^stedition),AsianLawHouse,2018.

7.  RamachandranR.,Scientifictechniquesincriminalinvestigation(2^ndedition),KamalPublishers,2021.

8.                         RobinsonM.Edward,CrimescenePhotography(2^ndedition),Academicpress,2010.

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks 

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

End semester examination : 100 Marks

The objective of this course is to explain the conceptof introductiontoxicologicalanalysis of samples and its analytical techniques. It will also familiarize students’ alcohol toxication theirpreliminaryandinstrumental analysis. Thecourse also aimsto discuss the various applicationof animalpoison,identificationandexaminationprocess.Thissubjectwillfocusonagaseouspoison,signandsymptom,analysisof samplesandlegalaspects.

SamplesrequiredinToxicologicalanalysis:SelectionofPost-mortemsamplesandreferencetoparticularclassofpoison,Classesofsamples(BiologicalandNon-biological),Methodsofsamplecollection(LivingandDead person),choice ofpreservatives,containersandstorageconditions.Alternative specimens:Hairanalysis,Drugsinoralfluid,Detectionofdrugsinsweatetc.·           Extractiontechniques.TLC,HPTLC,HPLC,LC MS,GCMS, FTIRandAAS.

AlcoholIntoxication&analysis:Relatedcases,PropertiesandtypesofAlcohols,Pharmacology,Toxicproperties and effects of alcohol. Chemical tests for alcohol in blood and urine including Breath AlcoholScreeningdevices,Methodofanalysisofsomealcoholicbeveragesinbiologicalmaterialsbychemicalmethods (Kozelka- Hine) and instrumental methods (GC), Legal context to drinking and driving. Analysis ofBeverages:Alcoholicandnon-alcoholicbeveragesandtheircomposition,Analysisofalcoholicbeveragesas per BIS and PFA Act, Detection and determination of ethanol, furfural, organic acids, aldehydes, chloralhydrate, methanol and ethylene glycol in liquors by color tests, TLC, GC, and GC-MS methods, Distinctionbetweenlicitandillicitliquors.FormatofReportWriting&CourtRoomTestimony:InformationrequiredbytheForensictoxicologist,PresentingfindingsinaReportformat.

AnimalPoisons:Insectsandanimaltoxinsandtheirexamination,CompositionofSnakevenoms,Sitesandmodeofaction,Effectonthebodyasawhole,andtestsforidentifications.Plantpoisons:Classificationandcharacteristics,methodofextractionandstrippingofplantpoisonsinmatricesandanalysisbychemicalandvariousinstrumental techniques.

GaseousPoisoning:CarbonMonoxide,HydrogenCyanideandPhosphinegas,significance,signsandsymptoms, methods of diagnosis, different samples and procedures of sampling, tests for identification, andInstrumentalanalysis.

Food Poisoning, responsible factors;chemicaland bacterial, Sign and symptoms of food poisoning,collection and preservation of evidence material, extraction and isolation of poison from food material,biological material, detection and identification by color test and Instrumental techniques. Adulterations infood andtheiranalysisandFASSI.

2.      RiversB.David&DahlemA.Gregory,TheScienceofForensicEntomology,Wiley-Blackwell,2014.

3.      SkoogA.Douglas,HollerJamesF.&CrouchR.Stanley,PrinciplesofInstrumentalAnalysis(7^th

edition),Cengage,2018

2.      HouckM.Max,ForensicBiology:AdvancedForensicScienceSeries(1^stedition),Academicpress,2015.

3.      SiegelA.Jay&MirakovitsKathy,ForensicSciencethebasic(3^rdedition),CRCPress,2015.

4.      LappasT.Nicholas&LappasM.Courtney,ForensicToxicology:PrinciplesandConcepts,ShirleyDecker-Lucke,2016.

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

End semester examination : 100 Marks 

The objective of this course is to explain the concept of introduction hairs its analytical techniques and DNAtyping. It will also familiarize students’ forensic characterization of blood their preliminary and instrumentalanalysis.Thecoursealsoaimstodiscussthevariousapplicationofbiologicalfluids,identificationandexaminationprocess.Thissubjectwillfocusonserologicaltechniquesandvariousadvancedtechniques.

Evidencecollection-Guidelines,MethodsofCollectionofTraceEvidenceatCrimeScenes,Typesofevidence-Chemistryandproperties,PresumptiveandConfirmatorytests,Individualization,Preservationmethods of collected evidence, Digital evidence collection in cyber security .Indian Evidence act, Evidencecorrelationsand forensiclawrequirements.

Morphologyandtypesofhairs,importance,nature,location,collection,evaluationandtestsfortheiridentification: Species of origin, variation in different major population groups, somatic origin. Methods ofIndividualization:

ForensicCharacterizationofSemen:Formation,Composition,Morphologyofspermatozoa,forensicsignificance,PresumptiveandConfirmatorytests(includingAzo-spermicsemenstains)Individualization(BloodGrouping,seminalfluidisozymestyping,forensicsignificance,CollectionandanalysisofevidencesinRapecases,Markergenesfor bodyfluidanalysis,

Semen, saliva and other body fluids by Absorption- inhibition, Absorption-elution and mixed agglutinationtechniques,determinationofsecretor/non-secretorstatus.Primarybindingassays(ELISA,Immunochromatographicassays), Secondary bindingassays(Precipitationbased assays-ImmunodiffusionandelectrophoreticmethodsforspeciesIdentification,Agglutinationbasedassays-Directagglutinationassay, Passive agglutinationassay). Different methods for isolation of microorganisms from forensic sampleslike vomit,stool,stomach washandresidualfood.

2.  LiR.ForensicBiology,Taylor&FrancisGroupLLC,2008.

3.  Robertson.ForensicexaminationofHair.Francis&Taylor,USA,1999

4.SafersteinRichard,Criminalistics:AnIntroductiontoForensicScience(11^thedition),Pearson,2015

2.SennR.David&WeemsA.Richard,ManualofForensicOdontology(5^thedition),Taylor&Francisgroup,2013.

3.  HouckM.Max&SiegelA.Jay,FundamentalsofForensicScience(3^rdedition),AcademicPress,2015.8.KumarK.,ForensicBallisticsinCriminalJustice(1^stedition),EasternBookCompany,2015.

9.     LaboratoryProcedureManual-ForensicSerology.DirectorateofForensicScience,MHA,NewDelhi2005.

10.LaboratoryProcedureManual–DNAProfiling,DirectorateofForensicScience,MHA,NewDelhi.2005

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

End semester examination : 100 Marks

Handwriting: Writing Systems, Style orNaturalcharacteristics in handwriting, Effect of various writinginstruments, age and illness on handwriting characteristics. Forgery: Introduction, Classes of forgery, theirexaminationandcomparison.ExaminationofnumeralandinitialsDisguiseinhandwriting,anonymousletters,Handednessandambidexterity.Composition ofink,paper and theirexamination,Comparison ofPrintedmatter:conventionalPrintingmethods-letterpress,offset,IntaglioandLithography.

Natureandproblemsofdocumentexamination,Careandhandlingofdocuments,classificationofdocuments, Procurements of standards- admitted / specimen writings, Handling and packing of documents,Preliminaryexaminationofdocuments,Principlesofhandwriting&signatureidentification.,PhysicalmatchingofDocuments.DigitalDocumentsandWatermarks(authenticationofdigitaldocuments).

Examinationofalterations,erasers,overwriting,additionandobliterations.Deciphermentofsecret,indentedandcharreddocuments,Photographyofquestioneddocuments.   Determinationofsequenceofstrokes,Examinationofcounterfeitcurrencynotes,passport,creditcard,visa,sealandothermechanicalimpressions,Examinationoftypescripts,xeroxand  computerprintoutsInstrumentaltechniquesusedfordocumentexaminations

Evaluationofpersonality andpsychologicaltraitsfromhandwriting,Evolutionaryphasesinhandwriting,self-imageconcept,letterspecifics,,paceofwriting,rhythmandformquality,connectednessanddisconnectedness,effectofagefactorinhandwritingandvariationsinhandwritingcharacteristics,effectofalcoholanddrugsonhandwritingcharacteristics/signatures,ForensicStylistics.

4.    SkoogA.Douglas,HollerJamesF.&CrouchR.Stanley,PrinciplesofInstrumentalAnalysis(7^th

edition),Cengage,2018

1.  Khandpur,R.S;HandbookofAnalyticalInstruments,TataMcGrawHillPub.Co.NewDelhi,2004.

2.  SafersteinRichard,Criminalistics:AnIntroductiontoForensicScience(11^thedition),Pearson,2015

3.  DavidJ.Thomas&LewisM.James,ForensicOdontologyPrinciplesandPractice,MicaHaley,2018

CIA1: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

CIA2: MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION for 50 marks

CIA3: Assignment/test/poster preparation/review writing etc. for 20 marks

Attendance in class: 10 marks

End semester examination : 100 Marks

This course will help to developing an understanding of identification of various drugsandtheiranalysis,Instrumentalanalysisofcommondrugs,Identificationandextractionofpoisonspresentinvisceraandtodeterminethetoxicityofplantpoisonandimplementationofvariousanalyticaltechniques.

1.  Identificationofcommonprecursors.

2.   Identificationofnarcoticdrugs:opiumandalkaloids,morphineandheroin,cannabisbycolortestTLC,andinstrumentaltechniques.

3.  AnalysisofCannabisbycolortest,TLC/HPTLC

4.  DeterminationofbarbituratebyUV-visibleSpectrophotometricmethod.

5.  DeterminationofmorphineandheroininagivensamplebyUV-visiblespectrometer/LC.

6.  DeterminationofmorphineandheroininagivensamplebyGLCmethod.

7.  Identificationofketaminebycolortest&TLC.

8.  Analysisofstimulantsbycolortests,TLC/HPTLC.

9.  IdentificationofunknownseizedNDPSDrugbychemicalmethodsandInstrumentaltechniques.

10.  Extractionofdrugsfromhairsample.

11.  StudyofFTIRspectraofbenzodiazepines&Narcotics.

1.  Analysisofvisceraforvolatilepoisons(OrganicandInorganic)byConwayapparatus.

2.    Detectionandidentificationofmetallicpoisonsinvisceraandfoodmaterialbychemicaltestandinstrumentaltechnique.

3.  AnalysisofvisceraforpesticidebycolortestTLC/HPTLCandUV-visiblespectrometrymethod.

4.  Determineconcentrationofalcoholinbloodandurinesample.

5.  Systematicextraction,andidentificationofnon–volatiledrugsandplantpoisonsbyvarioustechniques.

6.   Identificationofcommonplantpoisonsopiumandalkaloids,Kaner,DhaturaandNuxVomica,Aconitebycolortest,cannabisandinstrumentaltechniques.

7.  Detectionandidentificationofmajormetabolitesofethanol,methanol,parathion,carbryl.

8.    Determinationofphosphineinaluminumphosphideandzincphosphideinviscerabychemicalandinstrumentalanalysis.

9.    Identificationofpsychotropicdrugs-barbiturates,benzodiazepines&narcoticsinbiologicalfluidsbycolor test,TLC/HPTLC andinstrumentaltechniques.

10.  Morphologicalanalysisofcommonplantpoisons

2.      RiversB.David&DahlemA.Gregory,TheScienceofForensicEntomology,Wiley-Blackwell,2014.

3.      SkoogA.Douglas,HollerJamesF.&CrouchR.Stanley,PrinciplesofInstrumentalAnalysis(7^th

edition),Cengage,2018

2.      HouckM.Max,ForensicBiology:AdvancedForensicScienceSeries(1^stedition),Academicpress,2015.

3.      SiegelA.Jay&MirakovitsKathy,ForensicSciencethebasic(3^rdedition),CRCPress,2015.

4.      LappasT.Nicholas&LappasM.Courtney,ForensicToxicology:PrinciplesandConcepts,ShirleyDecker-Lucke,2016.

Mid Semester Examination: 40 marks

Record: 20 marks

End semester Examination (External examiners) – 100 marks

1.      Differentstainingproceduresforcellularorganelles.

2.      Physical,biochemicalandspectrophotometricexaminationofbloodstains.

3.        Examinationofseminalstainsbycrystaltests,biochemicalandmicroscopicalanalysis.

4.      Examinationofsalivaanditsstains.

5.      Determinationoforiginofspeciesfrombiologicalfluids.

6.      CollectionandextractionofDNAusingFTAcard.

7.      IsolationofDNAfrombloodanditsquantification.

8.      Experimentsonelectrophoresisofredcellisoenzymese.g.PGM,GLO-I,EsD,EAP.

9.      Extractionofproteinsfromvariousbiologicalsamples.

10.    Proteinestimationbydifferenttechniques

11.    SDS-PAGEforproteinanalysis

12.    DNAextractionfromvariousforensicsamples

13.    ConstructionofPhylogenetictreefromnucleotideandproteinsequences.

14.    AnalysisofproteinstructureusingRASMOL

15.    Morphologicalandanatomicalexaminationofpoisonousplantsgiveninthesyllabus(any5)

16.    Extractionandcharacterizationofphytochemicalspresentinthepoisonousplantsinthesyllabus(fromany3 plants)usingchromatography techniques.

17.    Identificationofwildlifematerialssuchasskin,fur,bones,nails,horn,teeth,flowersandplants

18.    Examinationoffur,nails,horn,teeth

19.    ExaminationofhairofdifferentanimalssuchasDogs,Cats,Cow,Horse,Goatsetc.

20.    Determinationofhumanhairmorphology.

21.    Studyofpugmarksofanimals

22.    PreparationofpermanentslidesbyusingmacerationtechniqueofvariousforensicmaterialofPlantorigin

23.    Studyofpollengrainsandsporesofforensicsignificance.

24.    Morphological&microscopicexaminationoffibres.

25.    Microscopicandchemicalcomparisonofpaperpulp.

26.    Identificationofdiatoms

27.    Identificationofstarchgranules.

28.    Commonstainingtechniquesandlaboratoryexercisesforidentificationofdifferentplantcelltypes.

2.  LiR.ForensicBiology,Taylor&FrancisGroupLLC,2008.

3.  Robertson.ForensicexaminationofHair.Francis&Taylor,USA,1999

4.SafersteinRichard,Criminalistics:AnIntroductiontoForensicScience(11^thedition),Pearson,2015

2.SennR.David&WeemsA.Richard,ManualofForensicOdontology(5^thedition),Taylor&Francisgroup,2013.

3.  HouckM.Max&SiegelA.Jay,FundamentalsofForensicScience(3^rdedition),AcademicPress,2015.8.KumarK.,ForensicBallisticsinCriminalJustice(1^stedition),EasternBookCompany,2015.

9.     LaboratoryProcedureManual-ForensicSerology.DirectorateofForensicScience,MHA,NewDelhi2005.

10.LaboratoryProcedureManual–DNAProfiling,DirectorateofForensicScience,MHA,NewDelhi.2005

Mid Semester Examination: 40 marks

Record: 20 marks

End semester Examination (External examiners) – 100 marks

thiscoursewillhelptogainknowledgeaboutdevelopinganunderstandingofexamination of several questioned documents, Instrumental analysis of questioned documents and ageing ofpapers,Development(Physicaldeveloper)oflatentfingerprintspresentonvarioussurfacesandidentificationofcharacteristics,Implementationofvariouschemicalmethodsfordevelopmentoffingerprintsrecovered inseveralconditions.

13.  Examinationofageingofpaper

14.  ExaminationofStamp

15.  ExaminationofRubberStampImpressions

16.  ExaminationofdocumentsbyVSC5000

17.  InkanalysisbyIonexchangemethod

18.  Documentsexaminationbyconfocalmicroscope.

19.  Preservation of Charred documents.

20.  Examination of Fake plastics currency.

21.  Establishment of identity based on pores and edges of fingerprints.

22.  Development of fingerprints on various surfaces by advanced techniques.

1.      Analysisoffingerprintswithmicroscopictechniquesfortheridgedimensionswiththecompleteidentificationprofiling

2.      Comparisonofmales’andfemales’fingerprintswiththespecificreferencetotheridgedimensions

3.      DevelopmentoflatentfingerprintsusingNinhydrin.

4.      Developmentoflatentfingerprintsusingiodinefuming

5.      DevelopmentoflatentfingerprintsusingNanoparticles

6.      UnderstandingAFISmethodoffingerprintsanalysis

7.      Palato-printsandidentificationbymicroscopicexamination

8.      Cheiloscopy;microscopicandmacroscopicexamination

9.      Importanceofmolecularfingerprintswithspecialreferencetofingerprintresiduesusinginstrumentalmethod

4.    SkoogA.Douglas,HollerJamesF.&CrouchR.Stanley,PrinciplesofInstrumentalAnalysis(7^th

edition),Cengage,2018

1.  Khandpur,R.S;HandbookofAnalyticalInstruments,TataMcGrawHillPub.Co.NewDelhi,2004.

2.  SafersteinRichard,Criminalistics:AnIntroductiontoForensicScience(11^thedition),Pearson,2015

3.  DavidJ.Thomas&LewisM.James,ForensicOdontologyPrinciplesandPractice,MicaHaley,2018

Mid Semester Examination: 40 marks

Record: 20 marks

End semester Examination (External examiners) – 100 marks

NA

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